A
Practitioner's Guide to
Performance Auditing
Second Edition
About the
Author
Muhammad
Akram Khan
Former Deputy Auditor General of Pakistan
Email: Muhammad Akram Khan
Muhammad Akram Khan, a pioneer in the effective use of
Performance
Auditing, is an Audit Professional with over 40 years'
experience. He developed the Performance Auditing
Methodology
used by the Department of the Auditor General, Pakistan. For
years he
served as the Director General of Performance Auditing in
the
Department of the Auditor General of Pakistan. Since January
2010, he
is working as a Performance Audit Specialist, responsible
for building
capacity in performance auditing, training auditors and
writing manual
of performance auditing for the Department of the Auditor
General of
Pakistan.
In 2009, he worked as a consultant for the United Nation’s
Food and
Agriculture Organization, Rome and conducted performance
audit of the
FAO’s Missions in Somalia and Sudan.
During 2008, Mr. Akram Khan wrote several research papers on
various
aspects of auditing, financial management and accountability
for the
World Bank Institute, besides consulting for the
Organization for
Security and Control in Europe (OSCE) as an Audit
Consultant. As
consultant of OSCE, he trained auditors in performance
auditing and
also supervised a real-life audit.
During 2003-2007 Mr. Akram Khan
was Chief
Resident Auditor at the United Nations Peacekeeping Missions
in East
Timor, Congo and Sudan.
During 2002-03, Mr. Akram Khan
consulted
with the Government of Pakistan and developed a Strategy for
Introducing Internal Audit into the Federal and Provincial
Governments.
He wrote a state-of-the-art Government Internal Audit
Manual. He
drafted Internal Audit Law for the Government of Pakistan.
Before joining the United Nations Office of Internal
Oversight as Chief
Resident Auditor in June 2003, he was Deputy Auditor General
of
Pakistan. He has a diversified experience of working in the
public
sector at a senior level. He worked as Additional Secretary
in the
Ministry of Finance, Government of Pakistan, where he was
the Manager
of the Public Debt of the country. For over two years, he
served at the
apex level as Member Finance in the Pakistan
Telecommunication
Authority, a regulatory body for the Telecom Sector.
In the Department of the Auditor General of Pakistan, where
he spent
about three decades, he held various positions from
Assistant Director
of Audit to Deputy Auditor General.
His international experience includes work as Chairman Board
of
Auditors, Economic Cooperation Organization, Tehran in 1996
and Member
of the said Board during 1995-97. He was member of the Board
of
Auditors for the Organization of Islamic Countries, Jeddah
during
1995-97.
Beside, he was a visiting
professor on
performance auditing in the International Islamic University
Malaysia.
He has been a regular speaker on performance auditing for
training
programs of senior executives and middle managers in the
National
Institutes of Public Administration, Lahore and Pakistan
Administrative
Staff College, Lahore. At both these institutions, senior
bureaucrats
participate for in-service training.
His previous experience includes the delivery of numerous
training
courses and workshops for auditors in Pakistan, Saudi
Arabia, Malaysia
and China. Responsible for training auditors of all levels
in the
Department of the Auditor General of Pakistan, he trained
hundreds of
auditors in scores of professional courses, developed
training material
for various programs, and wrote a training manual for the
department.Mr. Khan has audited various departments and
ministries of
the Government of Pakistan including Post Office, Railway,
Telephone,
Public Works, Public Enterprises, and Foreign Missions.
Mr. Khan is well known internationally both for representing Pakistan at over 44 international conferences. He represented Pakistan at UNCTAD’s Intergovernmental Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting (ISAR) at Geneva during 1998-2000.
His contributions to the Internal Audit Profession include his extensive writing consisting of 14 books / booklets and 46 research papers – click the current vitae link below for a partial listing.
He is Fellow of the Canadian
Comprehensive
Auditing Foundation, Ottawa, Canada, Sponsoring Governor of
the
Association of Accounting Technicians (Pakistan Institute of
Public
Finance and Accounting), and Member of the Institute of
Internal
Auditors, Florida, USA.
Mr. Khan has Master of Science
degrees
from the University of Aston in the United Kingdom and both
Master of
Commerce and Bachelor of Commerce (Honours) degrees from the
Punjab
University. He won several distinctions including four Gold
Medals and
two Silver Medals for his excellence as a student.
In “A Practitioner’s Guide to
Performance
Auditing - Secnd Edition” Mr. Khan shares the vast amount of
knowledge
he has gained about Performance Auditing in his 35 years of
experience.
Click
here for complete current vitae.
A
Practitioner's Guide to Performance Auditing
Second Edition
This Second Edition is a
200-page
publication updated and expanded from the Guide published in
2005 that
has been so very well received in the professional
community.
Mr. Khan incorporates the very valuable feedback from users
with his
recent experience in performing performance audit at an
international
level to provide an even better Guide.
Since publication of the first edition Mr. Khan has
accumulated more
valuable insights that he shares in this edition.
The present edition contains several real-life illustrations
and case
studies. It takes the reader along through all stages of
audit:
planning, executing and reporting. The reader can see how a
performance
audit blooms into a full-fledged report from the initial
stage of audit
planning. The Guide is designed specifically for
Internal Audit
Professionals who would like to improve their auditing
effort employing
Performance Auditing.
Click here to view an Overview in Adobe Acrobat PDF Format
Mr. Khan also authored the unique guide A Practitioner's
Guide to
Corruption Auditing
The content
of the
publication is as follows:
Chapter One: What is Performance Auditing
Definition of Performance Auditing
Objectives of Performance Auditing
Performance Auditing Conceptual Framework
Performance Audit Approach
Standards for Performance Auditing
Role of Auditee management in Performance Audit
Comparison with Financial Auditing
Comparison with Performance Evaluation
Performance Auditing: What it is and What it is not?
Enabling Environment for Performance Auditing
Institutional Impediments to Performance Auditing
Some Misgivings
Effectiveness of Performance Auditing
Chapter Two: Performance Auditing: The Three Es
Chapter Three: Planning for Performance Auditing
Overview Report
Preliminary Survey Report
Chapter Four: Criteria in Performance Auditing
Sources of Performance Audit Criteria
How to Determine the Audit Criteria?
Elements of Audit Criteria
Some Generally Applicable Audit Criteria
Issues in Performance Audit Criteria
Chapter Five: Evidence in Performance Auditing
Extent of Evidence
Chapter Six: Data Analysis in Performance Auditing
Output Budgeting
Correlation and Regression Analysis
Ratio Analysis
Simple Statistical Measures
Analysis of Cost over-run
Analysis of Time Over-run
Chapter Seven: Developing Performance Audit Program
Chapter Eight: Implementing Performance Audit Program
Chapter Nine: Reporting Results of Performance Audit
Style of the Performance Audit Report
Structure of Audit Findings
Use of Graphics in the Performance Audit Report
Issues in Performance Audit Reporting
Other
Resources
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